桌球起源的概要介紹

桌球起源的概要介紹

The table tennis originated from Britain at the end of the 19th century. It is only a kind of activity game at first, the ball is made of light and rich and elastic material, the beat is the wooden board that the cigar cigarette cast covered etc., play on the desk as playing tennis, so call it “the tennis on the desk ". In about 1900, because of the development of light industry, the ball was made into the clean shot made of celluloid. After this, the table tennis is developed progressively. The first large-scale table tennis match was held in London of Britain in December of 1900. More than 300 people participated in the competition. At the time of the competition, the sportsman wants to put on the shirts and shoulder pads with collar, the sportswoman wants to wear the skirt even the cap will be worn.

桌球運動於十九世紀末起源於英國，起初它只是一種消遣性的遊戲，而球是由輕而富彈性的材質製作而成，同時也用雪茄煙的蓋子當做球拍來擊球。因為它是在餐桌上進行的遊戲，所以稱為桌上網球。大約在西元1900年時，因為輕工業的快速發展，球的材質因而改由輕巧乾淨的賽璐珞製成。隨著桌球運動的快速發展，第一次大規模的桌球比賽於西元1900年12月在英國倫敦舉辦，參加比賽的人數超過了300人，在這次的比賽中的男選手都必需穿著有領及肩部塞有襯墊的襯衫，參加比賽的女選手都必需穿著裙子甚至要戴帽子

In 1926, International Table Tennis Federation was established formally, and determined to hold the first World Table Tennis Championships. For over 50 years, the development of the table tennis has probably gone through three stages. Initial stage, although the form is different in the bat which the athlete used by wooden and the ball hit slowly. Strength is small, far from being anything to rotate; the play is dull too, just push the ball to push away.

在西元1926年正式成立世界桌球總會，並決定舉辦第一屆世界杯桌球錦標賽。桌球的發展至今已超過了50年並歷經三個不同的時期，在最初的時期，選手雖使用外形不同但都為木製的球拍來擊球，球速緩慢，力量小、旋轉性也弱，比賽也十分無趣，僅將球推來推去而己。

1903, Englishmen Gourde invented rubber bat, gave a powerful push to table tennis technology's development. From was from 1926 to 1951, the players all around the world mostly used the rubber with cylindrical particle of surface to strike. Have increased the elasticity and gritted strength while batting, can make the ball produce certain rotation, therefore the defensive play of paring the chop appears.

到了西元1903年英國人古德發明了橡膠製成的球拍，它會產生很強的力量，進而促使桌球技術日益進步。從西元1926年到西元1951年，全世界大部份的選手都使用這圓顆粒膠的球拍，擊球時可增加彈性及增強摩擦力，使球產生確定的旋轉性，因此，出現了防禦性的削球打法。

This play is popular for a long time in Europe; many athletes adopt this kind of play to get the world champion. The advantage of table tennis is in Europe, among them the achievement of Hungarian team is the most outstanding, among the world champions of 117 each, they obtain 57, 5 each, half of the European teams. The beginning of the fifties, Austrians had invented the foam-rubber table-tennis bat, Japanese athlete's morals are used in the world match, and capture four champions of the 19th world championship at one blow, broken the monopoly position of the European athlete.

這種打法在歐洲流行很長的一段時間，許多選手採用這種打法而得到世界冠軍。這種打法在歐洲得到很大的比賽優勢，在世界桌球錦標賽中，匈牙利隊伍的表現最為卓越，在117次的比賽中贏得57次的比賽，每５次，有半數是歐洲隊伍。在1950年代初期，奧地利人發明了用泡沫膠製成的球拍，日本選手在世界錦標賽中使用它，在第19屆世界杯桌球錦標賽中得到了四項冠軍，打破了歐洲運動員獨霸桌球運動的時代。

Because Japanese athlete utilizes the off the table long drive attacking type play that this kind of Bat creates, has great , fast strength of forehand attack, serve and vie for attacking and threatening the advantage such as being great, so slow , rotate weakly, defensive play of Europe not strong of attack is replaced gradually, made Japan carry off the advantage of the table tennis of the fifties, from 1952 to 1959, among the world champions of 49 each, Japan carries off each 24 times, accounts for 47%. This is the first time in a table tennis level to improve greatly.

因為日本選手利用這種球拍創造的特性，在遠檯攻擊時，正手拍的擊球既快又強，發球及攻擊時皆能對於歐洲選手在攻擊上較緩慢，旋轉較弱的防禦性打法上造成威脅。讓日本在1952年至1959年在桌球比賽上佔有極大的優勢。在世界桌球錦標賽49次中，日本贏得了24次，將近佔有百分之四十七。這是桌球水準第一次極大的進展。

1959, after the Chinese athlete held country's group and obtained the 25th World Table Tennis Championships men singles champion, Chinese athlete begun to mount the international table tennis circles. Have taken shape gradually attack law soon for technological pen-hold grip close platform of style. In the 26th world championship of 1961,

西元1959年中國隊在第25屆世界杯桌球中得到男子單打冠軍，中國選手開始參加國際桌球的各項比賽，隨著攻擊技術的進步，中國選手採用直拍近檯攻擊的方式在西元1961年得到了第二十六屆世界桌球錦標賽冠軍。

China had already crossed Europe to close, Japanese player defeating off the table long drive and adding the “loop " play of secret weapon again, have carried off the world champion of men's team for the first time. And also got the 27^th and 28th in succession of man's team titles.

中國已經超越了歐洲並結束其獨霸的時代，日本選手使用遠檯攻擊加上弧圈球這個秘密武器並第一次獲得世界杯桌球男子團體組冠軍。也接連在第27、28屆贏得男團冠軍。

The advantage of China's close-to-table fast attack is near in the station location, fast, movements are flexible, positive and negative hands grasp and apply skillfully, advance one step greatly more than the far director of Japan. The sixties, the Chinese table tennis level lay in front row the most of the world, the advantage of the table tennis is transferred to China from Japan. This is the second time in a table tennis level to improve greatly.

中國的接近落點位置的近檯快攻，能快速的，彈性的移位，在正手及反手拍極具技巧性的擊球，比日本遠檯的打法更具效果。在1960年代，中國桌球的技術已達世界水準之上，桌球的優勢已由日本轉移到中國。這是桌球水準第二次極大的進展。
While Japan, Chinese table tennis develop, the European athlete summarizes the experience and lessons from failing, through the efforts of nearly 20 years, fetched Japan's loop technology and China and neared the platform and attacked the head of France quickly at last, create the advanced play suitable for them, namely rely mainly on loop and combine the play of quick attack.

當日本及中國桌球發展之際，歐洲運動選手從失敗的經驗中得到了結論；經過將近20年的努力，從日本及中國的弧圈球和近檯攻擊技術，外加法國的快速攻擊打法，創造出適合他們打法的進階技術---就是主要以弧圈球結合快攻的打法。

The representative figure is overcoming Ram pal contract Neil of Hungary. Rely mainly on quick attack and combine the play of the loop, regard positive and negative hand quick attack as main technology, by setting aside quick attack to strive to take the initiative quick-movingly instead, draw with forehand loop look for the chance. Base then of the representative figure is Bergeson in Sweden, Orloff in Czech, etc...

這代表著現在的桌球技術已經可以完全超越及克服匈牙利撞擊式的打法，現今打法主要仰賴快速的攻擊並結合弧圈球的技巧，而兼具正手與反手的快攻打法已成為主要的技術，積極主動的快速擊球及快速的移位，再配合正手的弧圈球打法，而像瑞典、捷克等國家都以此種打法為基礎，進行基本的訓練。

The characteristics of these two kinds of plays are at a stalemate and relatively strong, fast, it can hit to draw; low to be it fight to draw high, the room for maneuver is relatively great. The table tennis is advanced to the new high degree that combines with the speed closely at a stalemate again. This is the third time in a table tennis level to improve greatly.

這些類型的選手在進行比賽時都會相對峙及相對性的強力對抗，如果把球由低處打向高處時，球所產生的回旋性是極好的，極優越新的桌球技巧結合了快速的相持性技巧，這是桌球水準第三次重大的進展。

Since the seventies, because of international association and enhancement learning to study, various kinds of plays fetch the size each other, make table tennis technology get quicker development and improve. Such as , play and technology that China's close-to-table fast attack , quick attack of the pen-hold grip combine the loop , hand-shake quick attack and combine the loop ,etc., develop and innovate to some extent , has obtained the fine achievement in the international tournament.

從70年代開始，因為國際協會做了改進及不斷的研究學習，許多不同類型的選手，彼此評斷謀略，使桌球的技術更加快速的發展與改進。像中國的選手的近檯快攻，直拍握法並結合了弧圈球的打法，橫拍握法並結合了弧圈球打法等等，對打法進行不斷的創新與發展，而在國際巡迴賽得到了很好的成就。

 Now, table tennis has already developed into one of the sports events that the people of various countries have liked. 127 member associations / in the world bigger sports organization one of, Tennis Federation of There is International Table. World championship held by International Table Tennis Federation and Table Tennis Union of every cont There are too numerous to mention. World Cup Competition , intercontinental match and international tournaments of different scale and form . 1982, Decision on classifying table tennis as the formal event of the Olympic Games from 1988 of the IOC, would evoke the further attention to the table tennis of countries all over the world, promoted the table tennis to develop faster

現在桌球運動已經發展成一種重要的運動項目，目前桌球的會員國及所屬協會全世界總共有127個，已成為世界及較大型運動組織裡的一員，國際桌球總會承辦許多國際性的比賽，比賽的項目有很多種，例如：世界杯桌球錦標賽、國際比賽及各種不同等級和形式國際桌球巡迴賽。在西元1982年提議要讓桌球運動正式納入奧林匹克運動比賽項目中，到了西元1988年奧林匹克終於正式將桌球運動納入奧林匹克運動比賽項目中，希望藉此喚起世界各桌球會員國能加速促進桌球運動的快速發展